feat: add --json

src/paperlib/cli.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from paperlib.converter import MinerUConverter
 from paperlib.importer import ArxivImporter, LocalImporter
 from paperlib.index import DatabaseManager
 from paperlib.storage import PaperStorageManager
+from paperlib.utils import JSONOutputMixin
 
 
 def _resolve_library_root(path: Path | None) -> Path:
@@ -53,10 +54,16 @@ def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
         default=".",
         help="Library root to inspect. Defaults to the current directory.",
     )
+    status_parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", action="store_true", help="Output in JSON format"
+    )
     status_parser.set_defaults(handler=_handle_status)
 
     list_parser = subparsers.add_parser("list", help="List imported papers.")
     list_parser.add_argument("--library", "-L", default=".", help="Library root")
+    list_parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", action="store_true", help="Output in JSON format"
+    )
     list_parser.set_defaults(handler=_handle_list)
 
     show_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
@@ -65,6 +72,9 @@ def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
     )
     show_parser.add_argument("paper_id", help="Paper ID to show")
     show_parser.add_argument("--library", "-L", default=".", help="Library root")
+    show_parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", action="store_true", help="Output in JSON format"
+    )
     show_parser.set_defaults(handler=_handle_show)
 
     search_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
@@ -85,6 +95,9 @@ def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
     import_parser.add_argument("--notes", type=str, default="", help="Notes")
     import_parser.add_argument("--tags", nargs="*", default=[], help="Tags")
     import_parser.add_argument("--library", "-L", default=".", help="Library root")
+    import_parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", action="store_true", help="Output in JSON format"
+    )
     import_parser.set_defaults(handler=_handle_import)
 
     # Convert command
@@ -103,6 +116,9 @@ def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
     convert_parser.add_argument(
         "--no-ui", action="store_true", help="Disable rich UI (useful for scripting)"
     )
+    convert_parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", action="store_true", help="Output in JSON format"
+    )
     convert_parser.set_defaults(handler=_handle_convert)
 
     # Reindex command
@@ -111,6 +127,9 @@ def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
         help="Rebuild the search index from stored papers.",
     )
     reindex_parser.add_argument("--library", "-L", default=".", help="Library root")
+    reindex_parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", action="store_true", help="Output in JSON format"
+    )
     reindex_parser.set_defaults(handler=_handle_reindex)
 
     return parser
@@ -140,8 +159,22 @@ def _handle_init(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
 
 def _handle_status(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
     """Show the resolved library layout for a selected root."""
-    paths = LibraryPaths.from_root(_resolve_library_root(Path(args.library)))
+    library_root = _resolve_library_root(Path(args.library))
-    print(_format_paths(paths))
+    paths = LibraryPaths.from_root(library_root)
+
+    if args.json:
+        JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
+            {
+                "library_root": str(paths.root),
+                "config_path": str(paths.config_path),
+                "database_path": str(paths.db_path),
+                "papers_dir": str(paths.papers_dir),
+                "inbox_dir": str(paths.inbox_dir),
+                "cache_dir": str(paths.cache_dir),
+            }
+        )
+    else:
+        print(_format_paths(paths))
     return 0
 
 
@@ -162,6 +195,12 @@ def _handle_list(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
         # List all papers from storage (more reliable than index)
         papers = list(storage_manager.list_all_papers())
 
+        if args.json:
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
+                JSONOutputMixin.format_papers_list_for_json(papers)
+            )
+            return 0
+
         if not papers:
             print("No papers found in library.")
             return 0
@@ -213,47 +252,75 @@ def _handle_show(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
         # Find paper by ID
         for metadata in storage_manager.list_all_papers():
             if metadata.paper_id == args.paper_id:
-                print(f"Paper ID: {metadata.paper_id}")
+                if args.json:
-                print(f"Source: {metadata.source_type.value}")
+                    # Add file existence information
-                if metadata.source_id:
+                    paper_data = JSONOutputMixin.format_metadata_for_json(metadata)
-                    print(f"Source ID: {metadata.source_id}")
-                print(f"Title: {metadata.title}")
-                if metadata.authors:
-                    print(f"Authors: {', '.join(metadata.authors)}")
-                if metadata.published_date:
-                    print(f"Published: {metadata.published_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}")
-                if metadata.categories:
-                    print(f"Categories: {', '.join(metadata.categories)}")
-                if metadata.tags:
-                    print(f"Tags: {', '.join(metadata.tags)}")
-                print(f"Imported: {metadata.imported_at.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
-                print(f"Conversion Status: {metadata.conversion_status.value}")
-                print(f"Summary Status: {metadata.summary_status.value}")
-                if metadata.notes:
-                    print(f"Notes: {metadata.notes}")
 
-                # Show file paths
+                    # Add file status information
-                print("\nFiles:")
+                    files_status = {}
-                if metadata.pdf_path:
+                    if metadata.pdf_path:
-                    pdf_path = paths.root / metadata.pdf_path
+                        pdf_path = paths.root / metadata.pdf_path
-                    exists = "✓" if pdf_path.exists() else "✗"
+                        files_status["pdf_exists"] = pdf_path.exists()
-                    print(f"  PDF: {exists} {metadata.pdf_path}")
+                    if metadata.paper_md_path:
-                if metadata.paper_md_path:
+                        md_path = paths.root / metadata.paper_md_path
-                    md_path = paths.root / metadata.paper_md_path
+                        files_status["markdown_exists"] = md_path.exists()
-                    exists = "✓" if md_path.exists() else "✗"
+                    if metadata.summary_json_path:
-                    print(f"  Markdown: {exists} {metadata.paper_md_path}")
+                        summary_path = paths.root / metadata.summary_json_path
-                if metadata.summary_json_path:
+                        files_status["summary_exists"] = summary_path.exists()
-                    summary_path = paths.root / metadata.summary_json_path
+
-                    exists = "✓" if summary_path.exists() else "✗"
+                    paper_data["files_status"] = files_status
-                    print(f"  Summary: {exists} {metadata.summary_json_path}")
+                    JSONOutputMixin.output_json({"paper": paper_data})
+                else:
+                    print(f"Paper ID: {metadata.paper_id}")
+                    print(f"Source: {metadata.source_type.value}")
+                    if metadata.source_id:
+                        print(f"Source ID: {metadata.source_id}")
+                    print(f"Title: {metadata.title}")
+                    if metadata.authors:
+                        print(f"Authors: {', '.join(metadata.authors)}")
+                    if metadata.published_date:
+                        print(
+                            f"Published: {metadata.published_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}"
+                        )
+                    if metadata.categories:
+                        print(f"Categories: {', '.join(metadata.categories)}")
+                    if metadata.tags:
+                        print(f"Tags: {', '.join(metadata.tags)}")
+                    imported_str = metadata.imported_at.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+                    print(f"Imported: {imported_str}")
+                    print(f"Conversion Status: {metadata.conversion_status.value}")
+                    print(f"Summary Status: {metadata.summary_status.value}")
+                    if metadata.notes:
+                        print(f"Notes: {metadata.notes}")
+
+                    # Show file paths
+                    print("\nFiles:")
+                    if metadata.pdf_path:
+                        pdf_path = paths.root / metadata.pdf_path
+                        exists = "✓" if pdf_path.exists() else "✗"
+                        print(f"  PDF: {exists} {metadata.pdf_path}")
+                    if metadata.paper_md_path:
+                        md_path = paths.root / metadata.paper_md_path
+                        exists = "✓" if md_path.exists() else "✗"
+                        print(f"  Markdown: {exists} {metadata.paper_md_path}")
+                    if metadata.summary_json_path:
+                        summary_path = paths.root / metadata.summary_json_path
+                        exists = "✓" if summary_path.exists() else "✗"
+                        print(f"  Summary: {exists} {metadata.summary_json_path}")
 
                 return 0
 
-        print(f"Paper not found: {args.paper_id}")
+        if args.json:
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json_error(f"Paper not found: {args.paper_id}")
+        else:
+            print(f"Paper not found: {args.paper_id}")
         return 1
 
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error showing paper: {e}")
+        if args.json:
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json_error(f"Error showing paper: {e}")
+        else:
+            print(f"Error showing paper: {e}")
         return 1
 
 
@@ -286,8 +353,19 @@ def _handle_import(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
             # Index the paper
             db_manager.index_paper(metadata)
 
-            print(f"Successfully imported local PDF: {metadata.paper_id}")
+            if args.json:
-            print(f"Title: {metadata.title}")
+                JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
+                    {
+                        "paper_id": metadata.paper_id,
+                        "title": metadata.title,
+                        "source_type": metadata.source_type.value,
+                        "message": "Successfully imported local PDF",
+                        "paper": JSONOutputMixin.format_metadata_for_json(metadata),
+                    }
+                )
+            else:
+                print(f"Successfully imported local PDF: {metadata.paper_id}")
+                print(f"Title: {metadata.title}")
 
         elif args.arxiv:
             # Import from arXiv
@@ -300,14 +378,30 @@ def _handle_import(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
             # Index the paper
             db_manager.index_paper(metadata)
 
-            print(f"Successfully imported arXiv paper: {metadata.paper_id}")
+            if args.json:
-            print(f"Title: {metadata.title}")
+                JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
-            print(f"Authors: {', '.join(metadata.authors)}")
+                    {
+                        "paper_id": metadata.paper_id,
+                        "title": metadata.title,
+                        "source_type": metadata.source_type.value,
+                        "source_id": metadata.source_id,
+                        "authors": metadata.authors,
+                        "message": "Successfully imported arXiv paper",
+                        "paper": JSONOutputMixin.format_metadata_for_json(metadata),
+                    }
+                )
+            else:
+                print(f"Successfully imported arXiv paper: {metadata.paper_id}")
+                print(f"Title: {metadata.title}")
+                print(f"Authors: {', '.join(metadata.authors)}")
 
         return 0
 
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error importing paper: {e}")
+        if args.json:
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json_error(f"Error importing paper: {e}")
+        else:
+            print(f"Error importing paper: {e}")
         return 1
 
 
@@ -323,35 +417,88 @@ def _handle_convert(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
             # Convert specific paper
             for metadata in storage_manager.list_all_papers():
                 if metadata.paper_id == args.paper_id:
-                    if converter.convert_paper(metadata):
+                    conversion_success = converter.convert_paper(metadata)
-                        print(f"Successfully converted paper: {metadata.paper_id}")
+
+                    if args.json:
+                        # Get updated metadata after conversion
+                        updated_metadata = storage_manager.load_paper_metadata(
+                            metadata.paper_id, metadata.source_type
+                        )
+                        status_val = (
+                            updated_metadata.conversion_status.value
+                            if updated_metadata
+                            else "unknown"
+                        )
+                        msg = (
+                            "Successfully converted paper"
+                            if conversion_success
+                            else "Failed to convert paper"
+                        )
+                        JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
+                            {
+                                "paper_id": metadata.paper_id,
+                                "conversion_success": conversion_success,
+                                "conversion_status": status_val,
+                                "message": msg,
+                            }
+                        )
                     else:
-                        print(f"Failed to convert paper: {metadata.paper_id}")
+                        if conversion_success:
-                    return 0
+                            print(f"Successfully converted paper: {metadata.paper_id}")
-            print(f"Paper not found: {args.paper_id}")
+                        else:
+                            print(f"Failed to convert paper: {metadata.paper_id}")
+                    return 0 if conversion_success else 1
+
+            if args.json:
+                JSONOutputMixin.output_json_error(f"Paper not found: {args.paper_id}")
+            else:
+                print(f"Paper not found: {args.paper_id}")
             return 1
         else:
             # Convert papers based on flags
-            use_ui = not args.no_ui  # Use UI unless explicitly disabled
+            use_ui = not (args.no_ui or args.json)  # Disable UI for JSON output
             success_count, failure_count = converter.convert_all_pending(
                 retry_failed=args.retry_failed, force=args.force, use_ui=use_ui
             )
 
-            # Show what was attempted (if not using UI, UI will show its own summary)
+            if args.json:
-            if args.no_ui or (success_count == 0 and failure_count == 0):
+                # Determine action type
                 if args.force:
-                    action = "Force converted"
+                    action_type = "force_convert"
                 elif args.retry_failed:
-                    action = "Converted pending and retried failed"
+                    action_type = "convert_with_retry"
                 else:
-                    action = "Converted pending"
+                    action_type = "convert_pending"
 
-                msg = f"{action}: {success_count} successful, {failure_count} failed"
+                JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
-                print(msg)
+                    {
+                        "action": action_type,
+                        "success_count": success_count,
+                        "failure_count": failure_count,
+                        "total_attempted": success_count + failure_count,
+                    }
+                )
+            else:
+                # Show what was attempted (if not using UI)
+                if args.no_ui or (success_count == 0 and failure_count == 0):
+                    if args.force:
+                        action = "Force converted"
+                    elif args.retry_failed:
+                        action = "Converted pending and retried failed"
+                    else:
+                        action = "Converted pending"
+
+                    msg = (
+                        f"{action}: {success_count} successful, {failure_count} failed"
+                    )
+                    print(msg)
 
             return 0 if failure_count == 0 else 1
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error during conversion: {e}")
+        if args.json:
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json_error(f"Error during conversion: {e}")
+        else:
+            print(f"Error during conversion: {e}")
         return 1
 
 
@@ -362,7 +509,8 @@ def _handle_reindex(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
         storage_manager = PaperStorageManager(paths)
         db_manager = DatabaseManager(paths)
 
-        print("Rebuilding search index...")
+        if not args.json:
+            print("Rebuilding search index...")
 
         # Initialize database schema
         db_manager.initialize_database()
@@ -370,21 +518,37 @@ def _handle_reindex(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
         # Rebuild index from storage
         success_count, error_count = db_manager.reindex_from_storage(storage_manager)
 
-        print(f"Reindex complete: {success_count} papers indexed, {error_count} errors")
-
         # Show statistics
         stats = db_manager.get_statistics()
-        print(f"Total papers: {stats['total_papers']}")
+
-        if stats.get("by_source_type"):
+        if args.json:
-            by_source = ", ".join(
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json(
-                f"{k}: {v}" for k, v in stats["by_source_type"].items()
+                {
+                    "reindex_complete": True,
+                    "papers_indexed": success_count,
+                    "errors": error_count,
+                    "statistics": stats,
+                }
             )
-            print(f"By source: {by_source}")
+        else:
+            reindex_msg = (
+                f"Complete: {success_count} papers indexed, {error_count} errors"
+            )
+            print(reindex_msg)
+            print(f"Total papers: {stats['total_papers']}")
+            if stats.get("by_source_type"):
+                by_source = ", ".join(
+                    f"{k}: {v}" for k, v in stats["by_source_type"].items()
+                )
+                print(f"By source: {by_source}")
 
         return 0 if error_count == 0 else 1
 
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error during reindex: {e}")
+        if args.json:
+            JSONOutputMixin.output_json_error(f"Error during reindex: {e}")
+        else:
+            print(f"Error during reindex: {e}")
         return 1
 
 

src/paperlib/utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Utility functions for paperlib."""
+
+from .json_output import JSONOutputMixin
+
+__all__ = ["JSONOutputMixin"]

src/paperlib/utils/json_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""JSON output utilities for CLI commands."""
+
+import json
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class JSONOutputMixin:
+    """Mixin class for commands that support JSON output."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def output_json(data: dict[str, Any], success: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Output JSON data to stdout."""
+        output = {
+            "success": success,
+            "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat(),
+            **data,
+        }
+
+        print(json.dumps(output, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def output_json_error(error_message: str, error_code: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Output JSON error to stdout."""
+        output = {
+            "success": False,
+            "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat(),
+            "error": error_message,
+            "error_code": error_code,
+        }
+
+        print(json.dumps(output, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def format_metadata_for_json(metadata) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert PaperMetadata to JSON-serializable dict."""
+        from paperlib.models import PaperMetadata
+
+        if isinstance(metadata, PaperMetadata):
+            return metadata.to_dict()
+        elif isinstance(metadata, dict):
+            # Already a dict (from database query)
+            return metadata
+        else:
+            # Fallback for other types
+            return {"error": "Unknown metadata format"}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def format_papers_list_for_json(papers: list) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Format a list of papers for JSON output."""
+        formatted_papers = []
+
+        for paper in papers:
+            formatted_paper = JSONOutputMixin.format_metadata_for_json(paper)
+            formatted_papers.append(formatted_paper)
+
+        return {
+            "papers": formatted_papers,
+            "total": len(formatted_papers),
+        }

tests/test_json_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""Tests for JSON output functionality."""
+
+import json
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from paperlib.models import PaperMetadata, SourceType
+from paperlib.utils import JSONOutputMixin
+
+
+class TestJSONOutputMixin:
+    """Test JSONOutputMixin utility functions."""
+
+    def test_format_metadata_for_json(self):
+        """Test formatting PaperMetadata for JSON output."""
+        metadata = PaperMetadata(
+            paper_id="test-paper-1",
+            source_type=SourceType.ARXIV,
+            source_id="2212.06340",
+            title="Test Paper",
+            authors=["Alice Smith", "Bob Jones"],
+            categories=["cs.AI"],
+        )
+
+        result = JSONOutputMixin.format_metadata_for_json(metadata)
+
+        assert result["paper_id"] == "test-paper-1"
+        assert result["source_type"] == "arxiv"
+        assert result["source_id"] == "2212.06340"
+        assert result["title"] == "Test Paper"
+        assert result["authors"] == ["Alice Smith", "Bob Jones"]
+        assert result["categories"] == ["cs.AI"]
+
+    def test_format_metadata_for_json_dict(self):
+        """Test formatting dict metadata for JSON output."""
+        metadata_dict = {
+            "paper_id": "test-paper-1",
+            "title": "Test Paper",
+            "source_type": "local",
+        }
+
+        result = JSONOutputMixin.format_metadata_for_json(metadata_dict)
+        assert result == metadata_dict
+
+    def test_format_papers_list_for_json(self):
+        """Test formatting a list of papers for JSON output."""
+        papers = [
+            PaperMetadata(
+                paper_id="paper-1",
+                source_type=SourceType.LOCAL,
+                title="Paper 1",
+            ),
+            PaperMetadata(
+                paper_id="paper-2",
+                source_type=SourceType.ARXIV,
+                title="Paper 2",
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        result = JSONOutputMixin.format_papers_list_for_json(papers)
+
+        assert "papers" in result
+        assert "total" in result
+        assert result["total"] == 2
+        assert len(result["papers"]) == 2
+        assert result["papers"][0]["paper_id"] == "paper-1"
+        assert result["papers"][1]["paper_id"] == "paper-2"
+
+
+class TestCLIJSONOutput:
+    """Test CLI commands with JSON output."""
+
+    def run_paperlib_cmd(self, *args):
+        """Helper to run paperlib commands and parse JSON output."""
+        cmd = ["uv", "run", "paperlib"] + list(args)
+        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, cwd=Path.cwd())
+
+        if "--json" in args:
+            try:
+                output_data = json.loads(result.stdout)
+                return result.returncode, output_data, result.stderr
+            except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+                pytest.fail(f"Invalid JSON output: {e}\nOutput: {result.stdout}")
+
+        return result.returncode, result.stdout, result.stderr
+
+    def test_status_json_output(self):
+        """Test status command with JSON output."""
+        # Create temporary library
+        temp_lib = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_status_json_{hash(self)}"
+        temp_lib.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Initialize library
+            self.run_paperlib_cmd("init", str(temp_lib))
+
+            # Test status with JSON
+            returncode, output_data, stderr = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "status", "--library", str(temp_lib), "--json"
+            )
+
+            assert returncode == 0
+            assert isinstance(output_data, dict)
+            assert output_data["success"] is True
+            assert "timestamp" in output_data
+            assert "library_root" in output_data
+            assert "config_path" in output_data
+            assert "database_path" in output_data
+            assert str(temp_lib.resolve()) in output_data["library_root"]
+
+        finally:
+            if temp_lib.exists():
+                import shutil
+
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_lib)
+
+    def test_list_json_output_empty(self):
+        """Test list command with JSON output for empty library."""
+        temp_lib = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_list_json_{hash(self)}"
+        temp_lib.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Initialize library
+            self.run_paperlib_cmd("init", str(temp_lib))
+
+            # Test list with JSON
+            returncode, output_data, stderr = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "list", "--library", str(temp_lib), "--json"
+            )
+
+            assert returncode == 0
+            assert isinstance(output_data, dict)
+            assert output_data["success"] is True
+            assert output_data["papers"] == []
+            assert output_data["total"] == 0
+
+        finally:
+            if temp_lib.exists():
+                import shutil
+
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_lib)
+
+    def test_import_json_output(self):
+        """Test import command with JSON output."""
+        temp_lib = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_import_json_{hash(self)}"
+        temp_lib.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Create sample PDF
+        sample_pdf = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_import_json_{hash(self)}.pdf"
+        with sample_pdf.open("wb") as f:
+            f.write(b"%PDF-1.4\n%%EOF\n")
+
+        try:
+            # Initialize library
+            self.run_paperlib_cmd("init", str(temp_lib))
+
+            # Test import with JSON
+            returncode, output_data, stderr = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "import",
+                "--pdf",
+                str(sample_pdf),
+                "--title",
+                "Test JSON Import",
+                "--library",
+                str(temp_lib),
+                "--json",
+            )
+
+            assert returncode == 0
+            assert isinstance(output_data, dict)
+            assert output_data["success"] is True
+            assert "paper_id" in output_data
+            assert output_data["title"] == "Test JSON Import"
+            assert output_data["source_type"] == "local"
+            assert "Successfully imported local PDF" in output_data["message"]
+            assert "paper" in output_data
+            assert isinstance(output_data["paper"], dict)
+
+        finally:
+            if temp_lib.exists():
+                import shutil
+
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_lib)
+            if sample_pdf.exists():
+                sample_pdf.unlink()
+
+    def test_show_json_output(self):
+        """Test show command with JSON output."""
+        temp_lib = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_show_json_{hash(self)}"
+        temp_lib.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Create sample PDF
+        sample_pdf = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_show_json_{hash(self)}.pdf"
+        with sample_pdf.open("wb") as f:
+            f.write(b"%PDF-1.4\n%%EOF\n")
+
+        try:
+            # Initialize and import
+            self.run_paperlib_cmd("init", str(temp_lib))
+            import_returncode, import_data, _ = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "import",
+                "--pdf",
+                str(sample_pdf),
+                "--title",
+                "Test JSON Show",
+                "--library",
+                str(temp_lib),
+                "--json",
+            )
+
+            assert import_returncode == 0
+            paper_id = import_data["paper_id"]
+
+            # Test show with JSON
+            returncode, output_data, stderr = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "show", paper_id, "--library", str(temp_lib), "--json"
+            )
+
+            assert returncode == 0
+            assert isinstance(output_data, dict)
+            assert output_data["success"] is True
+            assert "paper" in output_data
+            assert output_data["paper"]["paper_id"] == paper_id
+            assert output_data["paper"]["title"] == "Test JSON Show"
+            assert "files_status" in output_data["paper"]
+            assert "pdf_exists" in output_data["paper"]["files_status"]
+
+        finally:
+            if temp_lib.exists():
+                import shutil
+
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_lib)
+            if sample_pdf.exists():
+                sample_pdf.unlink()
+
+    def test_show_json_not_found(self):
+        """Test show command with JSON output for non-existent paper."""
+        temp_lib = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_show_json_nf_{hash(self)}"
+        temp_lib.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Initialize library
+            self.run_paperlib_cmd("init", str(temp_lib))
+
+            # Test show non-existent paper
+            returncode, output_data, stderr = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "show", "nonexistent", "--library", str(temp_lib), "--json"
+            )
+
+            assert returncode == 1
+            assert isinstance(output_data, dict)
+            assert output_data["success"] is False
+            assert "error" in output_data
+            assert "Paper not found" in output_data["error"]
+
+        finally:
+            if temp_lib.exists():
+                import shutil
+
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_lib)
+
+    def test_convert_json_output(self):
+        """Test convert command with JSON output."""
+        temp_lib = Path("./.tmp") / f"test_convert_json_{hash(self)}"
+        temp_lib.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Initialize library
+            self.run_paperlib_cmd("init", str(temp_lib))
+
+            # Test convert with no papers (JSON)
+            returncode, output_data, stderr = self.run_paperlib_cmd(
+                "convert", "--library", str(temp_lib), "--json"
+            )
+
+            assert returncode == 0
+            assert isinstance(output_data, dict)
+            assert output_data["success"] is True
+            assert output_data["action"] == "convert_pending"
+            assert output_data["success_count"] == 0
+            assert output_data["failure_count"] == 0
+            assert output_data["total_attempted"] == 0
+
+        finally:
+            if temp_lib.exists():
+                import shutil
+
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_lib)