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\subsection{Hyperbolicity of first order systems}
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\subsection{Hyperbolicity of first order systems}
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Say we have a list of variables $u^I$, and a first order PDE system
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Say we have a list of variables $u^I$, and a first order PDE system
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\begin{equation}
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\begin{equation}
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\pdvt{u^I} + \tensor{A}{^i^I_J} \pdv{u^J}{x^i} = S^I,
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\pdvt{u^I} + \tensor{A}{^i^I_J} \pdv{u^J}{x^i} = S^I, \label{first-order-PDE}
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\end{equation}
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\end{equation}
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where both $A$ and $S$ can depend on $u^I$ but not their derivatives. For any unit covector $\xi_i$, the \emph{Principal symbol} matrix is defined as $\tensor{P}{^I_J}(\xi) := \tensor{A}{^i^I_J} \xi_i$.
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where both $A$ and $S$ can depend on $u^I$ but not their derivatives. For any unit covector $\xi_i$, the \emph{Principal symbol} matrix is defined as $\tensor{P}{^I_J}(\xi) := \tensor{A}{^i^I_J} \xi_i$.
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The system is said to be:
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The system is said to be:
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\item \emph{strongly hyperbolic} if for any $\xi_i$, $\tensor{P}{^I_J}(\xi)$ has only real eigenvalues and a complete set of eigenvectors, i.e., it is diagonalizable.
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\item \emph{strongly hyperbolic} if for any $\xi_i$, $\tensor{P}{^I_J}(\xi)$ has only real eigenvalues and a complete set of eigenvectors, i.e., it is diagonalizable.
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\item \emph{symmetrically hyperbolic} if there exists a positive definite symmetrizer matrix $H_{IJ}$ such that $H_{IK} \tensor{P}{^K_J}(\xi)$ is always symmetric.
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\item \emph{symmetrically hyperbolic} if there exists a positive definite symmetrizer matrix $H_{IJ}$ such that $H_{IK} \tensor{P}{^K_J}(\xi)$ is always symmetric.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{theorem}
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System~\autoref{first-order-PDE} is well-posed in the $L^2$ sense if and only if it is strongly hyperbolic.
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\end{theorem}
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\end{frame}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Existing first order formulations}
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\begin{frame}{Existing first order formulations}
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